A famous swimmer asked us on Wednesday for an analysis of ‘Olympic swimming medalists who aren’t Americans, but trained in America.’
We can do that!
There were 219 actual medals (not medals table medals) given out for pool swimming at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games to 125 athletes.
First Data Point: 69 of those medals (32%) were awarded to 34 American athletes (25%).
Second Data Point: 14 of those medals (6%) were awarded to 6 international athletes who train in America (5%).
Third Data Point: None of those were relay medals, as far as we can tell. This was the one that I found to be most-fascinating. The countries that dominated the relay events (Australia, China, and Italy) are generally countries that send among the fewest swimmers to the American NCAA system, either because they have well-developed home training systems, and/or because the countries disincentivize training abroad, as is the case with Italy.
There are two natural questions that derive from this data. One is whether American resources and expertise should be developing athletes from other countries, and two is ‘why are swimmers like Leon Marchand and Summer McIntosh able to come into our system and have more success than our athletes?’
The former question is a matter of personal opinion and politics. It also requires the context that while swimming is an ‘exporter’ of swimming expertise, they are an ‘importer’ of expertise in other sports – and that it’s hard to cut off one direction of that flow without impacting the other. In a world of professional athletics, as compared to patriotically-driven amateur athletics, restriction of international training of athletes would require a view of some bigger pictures.
There is also a bit of brinksmanship, as in this scenario, it becomes more likely for other countries to hire American swim coaches away into their countries, as we’ve seen with a coach like Mark Schubert traveling to coach in China.
In the latter category, the numbers are inflated a bit by the fact that the best male and best female swimmer at this meet both happen to be international swimmers who train in America. If you remove Leon Marchand and Summer McIntosh, the numbers aren’t that overwhelming.
But the cases of Marchand and McIntosh are the vital ones. The U.S. swim team still has the depth, but collectively, it seems like the U.S. collectively has lost the ability to find those couple of tenths to get to the top of the podium individually, to win the close races individually, and to take the gold medals.
So if America accepts that it cannot get rid of the foreign athletes training in the U.S., then America should be learning from these athletes, their developmental pathways, their talent, and trying to figure out how to get American swimmers back to the top of podiums.
There is also the special case of Ilya Kharun, who was raised in the U.S., thought he was eligible to represent the U.S., found out he wasn’t, and earlier this year became a U.S. citizen, formally.
America isn’t the only country that trains other countries’ Olympic swimmers, though it is by-far the leader in that category. Others that we identified are below. We looked pretty hard, but let us know in the comments if we missed any.
List of Non-American medalists who train primarily in America
Men | Country | Training Base | Event | Medal |
Hubert Kos | Hungary | Arizona State/Texas | 200 back | gold |
Leon Marchand | France | Arizona State/Texas | 200 breast | gold |
Leon Marchand | France | Arizona State/Texas | 200 fly | gold |
Leon Marchand | France | Arizona State/Texas | 200 IM | gold |
Leon Marchand | France | Arizona State/Texas | 400 IM | gold |
Leon Marchand | France | Arizona State/Texas | 400 medley relay | bronze |
Josh Liendo | Canada | Florida | 100 fly | silver |
Ilya Kharun | Canada | Arizona State | 100 fly | bronze |
Ilya Kharun | Canada | Arizona State | 200 fly | bronze |
Women | Country | Training Base | Event | Medal |
Mona McSharry | Ireland | Tennessee | 100 breast | bronze |
Summer McIntosh | Canada | Sarasota Sharks | 200 fly | gold |
Summer McIntosh | Canada | Sarasota Sharks | 200 IM | gold |
Summer McIntosh | Canada | Sarasota Sharks | 400 IM | gold |
Summer McIntosh | Canada | Sarasota Sharks | 400 free | silver |
Formatted as a Medals Table
Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | |
Foreign Athletes in America | 8 | 2 | 4 | 14 |
Athletes who train primarily outside of the country they represent (that isn’t America):
- Daniel Wiffen, Ireland (UK – Loughborough)
- Ben Proud, UK (Turkey – Gloria Sports Arena)
- Kylie Masse (Spain – Sant Cugat)
Athletes who take extended training camps in other countries to train under the coaches in those other countries:
- Kim Woo-min (Australia)
- Kristof Milak, maybe, depending on who you ask?
How about non US coaches coaching USA athletes to medals? USWNT for example.
The article has missed Siobhan Haughey of Hong Kong. She went to University of Michigan and won 2 bronze medals in Paris (to go with 2 silver medals in Tokyo)
She did, but she was not training in the US in the leadup to the Paris Olympics, she was training in Hong Kong. This list was focused on swimmers who were primarily in the US in the leadup to these Olympics. Maybe we could do another sub-list for swimmers who went to college here and then went back home – the data can be parsed a lot of ways.
We are not sharing national defense secrets. I hope the best continue to come here and train, I hope we continue to import trainers from other countries . I wish American trainers every succes if they work overseas.
I cheerr on our US athletes and hope they win. But depriving other athletes opportunities is not the American way to succeed. May the best peson win!
Taylor Ruck is similar to Kharun. She spent at least half of each year in Arizona growing up, and went to American schools.
Taylor, Sydney, Sophie, Ilya are in a different category than Leon, Josh, Summer. They are all American-born/raised with Canadian citizenship either via birth or parents. They were all living in America when they became good enough to make the Canadian team, vs the examples in this article where the swimmers were already making teams in their home countries and then chose to train in America.
Beyond politics, there’s the matter of legality. In the US, it’s illegal to discriminate based on nationality when making a contract—that would include club teams that may want to exclude foreign athletes and dual-citizens who choose to represent a different country internationally. Moreover, most of the training bases are public universities, so they are “the goverment,” and subject to the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution, which means they can’t discriminate based on nationality without a really good reason. The main purpose of intercollegiate athletics is intercollegiate competition, so the fact that they also compete in other events on behalf of other countries is unlikely to be a good enough reason under the Constitution.
So, this discussion about whether… Read more »
This is a thing across all sports, a huge percentage of Olympic athletes use US tax payer funds, at Colleges mostly, to live and train, and then go to the Olympics for other countries. Nothing new. Like 90%of track athletes do that.
We should clarify “US tax payer funds” versus “US tax funds”.
At the big track & field schools, the track & field facilities and programs are funded by donations and profits from football and basketball programs. If they get scholarships, the calculation is complicated, because sometimes they get tuition waivers that impact the total cost that maybe could be viewed as taxpayer funds? But could also be viewed as coming from tuition from other student-athletes. But international student-athletes also start from a much higher tuition, so in an equivalency sport like swimming or track and field, depending on how much money they’re getting, they might still be paying more in to the system than they’re getting out of it.
You can also be a US tax payer and not a US citizen. I have two families on my high school team that the parents and kids are US citizens (actually dual citizens) but the grandparents, who live in the US, are not US citizens. They pay taxes. They pay a lot of taxes (I know what the tax rate is for the city I coach in), but they are not citizens.
I think this whole thing is silly, but I also think the reason folks are focusing on it is because of golds, not over all medals. The drop off in golds this year has clearly been a huge thread in the swimming world. Smith, Grimes and Douglass all won silver behind a foreign swimmer training in the US so I think that’s why this is getting so much attention
its unfortunate that they were never under the lenses of the us government, but when a chinese individual trains in the us and goes onto win gold for china in the winter olympics, all of the sudden its a huge issue