India ke top cardiologist, Dr. Deepak Krishnamurthy ne Kerala me brain-eating amoeba ke badhte cases ko dekhte huye freshwater lakes ya rivers me swim karne se bachne ki salah di hai. bacho, Unhone X (pehle Twitter) par tweet kiya: “Apne dimaag ko bachana hai toh bathroom me treated water se naha lo aur chlorinated swimming pools me swim karo. Kabhi bhi freshwater me na tairein.”
Kerala ne ak rare waterborne amoeba se hone wale infections aur deaths me last year ke comparison me double se bhi jada vriddhi ke baad health alert issue kiya hai. 2025 ki shuruaat se ab tak state ne primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) ke 69 cases register kiye hain, jisme Naegleria fowleri amoeba ke contact me aane se hui 19 deaths bhi include hain.
Last ak month me 3 deaths record hui hain, jisme ak 3 mahine ke baby ki death bhi shamil hai.
Ye amoeba ak insaan se dusre insaan me spread nahi hota, balki warm lakes aur rivers me rehta hai aur contaminated water jab nose ke through body me jata hai tab contract hota hai. Kerala government ne wells, water tanks aur bathing areas ko chlorinate karna start kar diya hai – jo is killer amoeba ke possible host ho sakte hain. Experts ke according, PAM ko aksar brain-eating amoeba bhi kaha jata hai kyunki ye brain ko infect karke brain tissue destroy kar deta hai. Agar amoeba brain tak pahunch jaye, toh ye aisa infection cause karta hai jo treatment ke baad bhi 95% se jada affected patients ki jaan le leta hai.
Experts kahte hain ki Naegleria fowleri pure world me soil ke alawa warm aur shallow freshwater bodies jaise lakes, rivers aur springs me rahta. Ye ak free-living organism maana jata hai kyunki isse survive karne ke liye host ki jarurat nahi hoti. Ye amoeba PAM cause karta hai, jo central nervous system ko infect karta hai.
Doctors ke according, infected hone ka sabse common tarika tab hota hai jab paani nose ke through andar chala jata hai. Wahan se amoeba brain tak pahonch jata hai jab aap infected water me swimming, diving ya water skiing jaise activities kar rahe hote ho. Bahot hi rare cases me, infected water heated tap water ho sakta hai ya phir aisa swimming pool ka paani jo properly chlorinated na ho.
Infected paani ko peene se aapko infection nahi hota.
PAM ke signs aur symptoms
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis ke symptoms achanak start hote hain aur beginning se hi severe hote hain, jisme shamil hain:
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Nausea aur vomiting
- Trembling
- Meningitis jaise symptoms (jaise stiff neck aur light ke prati extreme sensitivity)
- Mental confusion
- Coma
Infection se kaise bachein?
Prevention important hai, bhale hi ye condition bahut rare hai. Ye kuch key cheezein yaad rakhni chahiye:
- Warm freshwater locations me swimming, wading, ya water sports mat karo – especially still waters – bina nose plugs ke.
- Tap water ka use neti pot ya kisi bhi device ke liye mat karo jo nasal passages clean karta hai. Germs remove karne ke liye filters ka use karo.
- Apne nose aur sinuses clean karne ke liye water ko disinfect karne ke liye chlorine bleach liquid ya tablets ka use karo.
- Agar warm freshwater me jaane ke baad fever ya headache jaise symptoms develop ho, turant doctor ke paas jao.
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